Privacy in Today's Generation

In the TED Talk video, How to Avoid Surveillance ... With Your Phone, Christopher Soghoian highlights that smartphones can listen to us, but not always in the ways people assume. Reflecting on the government collecting data and knowing what I say at a given moment is concerning. Mr. Soghoian dives into ways the government can collect information we may not know about as consumers. 

Microphone Permissions & Apps

Today, many apps ask for permission to access your microphone. This is a prominent way that audio information has been collected. Many apps are listening without the user's knowledge. In many cases, apps listen to conversations for keywords to target advertisements and track your interests. Not all apps abuse this feature, but it is good to know and be aware of what apps have access to your phone's microphone. With advanced technology, there are many ways to check if you are being listened to; researching those options is beneficial. 

Can the Government Hear Us?

The government has a history of mass surveillance, which is a serious rights concern worldwide, especially in the United States. Sarah St. Vincent, a US surveillance and domestic law researcher, said, "Putting a smartphone whose security has been compromised into circulation could create privacy and security risks for anyone who ultimately uses that device and jeopardize free expression." It is concerning to think about free speech and worry about government intervention. No one will speak freely when scared to think if their phone is bugged. 

Affecting Family and Friends... 

If apps or devices are listening, your conversations may not be private. Private conversations about family, finances, or health could be collected and analyzed. Thinking about this long term, what if laws change and the government misuses the previously collected information? For example, in some countries, surveillance has been used to track activists, journalists, and even regular citizens. Protecting yourself and your family from privacy invasions requires technology safeguards, smart habits, and legal awareness. 

Actions for the Government

The government should take action, taking several steps to protect citizens. The first step should be stronger privacy policies to limit data collection. Transparency is key in these types of scenarios. By giving users control, the consumer should have full knowledge of everything going on and what they are signing up for. 

Secondly, the government should ban or strictly regulate spyware to prevent abuse. Creating agreements with international governments/organizations can help with cross-border surveillance. With this, more substantial security standards should be implemented to avoid hacking. Educating the public is a key principle in this subject. Raising awareness about phone privacy and online security is a great way to start. 

Final Thoughts

In today's world, our devices are more connected and intrusive than ever. Even though technology makes our lives easier, it does come with risks. While you can not eliminate all surveillance, you can significantly reduce the amount of data collected about you. Being educated and aware will make it harder for organizations and even the government to invade your privacy. 

The Telegraph

A Revolutionary Step for Communication

The telegraph was the first step for long-distance contact. This new technological advancement improved how people exchanged information and laid the foundation for future advances. Although it was created in the 1800s, it declined shortly after. Even though it fell, it still played a pivotal role in our world. Many people credit the telegraph for the technological innovations that came after. 

The History of the Telegraph

Before the invention of the telegraph, long-distance communication relied solely on smoke signals and messengers. These methods were slow and inconsistent. Seeing the inefficiency, innovators began thinking of a way to quicken the process through electrical communication.

The Impact of the Invention

This new advancement had a profound impact. For the first time, messages could be sent instantly across long distances, affecting many different aspects of life, including business and politics. The effect still stands strong to this day, being a cornerstone for the years to come. 

1. Business and Trade

The telegraph transformed the way businesses operated, making communication more effective. Stock markets flourished due to the real-time updates traders received. The telegraph significantly influenced global trade patterns, helping companies manage their supply chains. Railroads benefited from the telegraph in coordinating and communicating schedules. This new means of communication made the world feel smaller due to the long-distance contact people now had access to. The speed and reliability of the telegraph helped create the society we have today. 

2. Politics and Warfare

Governments quickly realized the telegraph's strategic importance. The instant communication became a game-changer. It significantly impacted the elections, altering reports and results that influenced political campaigns. Before the telegraph, results could take weeks to get back to the people. With the advancement, results could be sent out immediately. This fast response changed the way people engaged with the process of politics. Political parties would use the telegraph to coordinate campaigns and share messages.

The Decline of the Telegraph 

Despite its impact, the telegraph eventually became outdated and was replaced by newer technologies. With every new innovation, there becomes a more significant technology and a cycle of constant improvement. Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876 provided a more direct and personal way of communication. Also, by the 20th century, radio, television, and the internet surpassed the telegraph, making it inadequate. The telegraph paved the way for all future communication methods that we have in the world today. 

Conclusion

The telegraph was one of the most influential advancements in history. It altered communication methods and strengthened our economy. Even though it is not used today, it still has a clear impact. It demonstrated the power of innovation and set the stage for further advancements, shaping our world as we know it today.

The invention also highlights the importance of technological evolution. Just as the telegraph had replaced smoke signals, messengers, and other slower methods, it was also surpassed by newer, more effective advancements. However, without the telegraph, the modern world may look very different. The instant and efficient communication we receive, which we now take for granted, owes much to the pioneering of the telegraph inventors. 

History and Workings of the U.S. Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial authority in the country, ensuring the Constitution is upheld correctly. Established in 1789, the Court plays a crucial role in shaping American law and society through its decisions. Over time, the preceding justices have laid the foundation for the acceptance of American citizens to respect the Supreme Court. 

The Structure and Role of the Supreme Court 

    The Supreme Court consists of nine justices, one Chief Justice, and eight Associate Justices. These justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. They serve a lifetime, some working an average of 16 years, although some are twice as long. This allows them to work independently of political pressures and make decisions solely based on legal principles. 

    As the final judge in the law, the Supreme Court has the authority to review cases from the lower courts, ensuring consistency in the application of the federal law. Exercising judicial review, the power of the Court to review all actions by the government to redeem them constitutionally or not and determine how they will use restraint or activism was established from the Marbury v. Madison case. This case, in 1803, allows the Court to nullify laws and actions that are unconstitutional.  

The Supreme Court's Workload: A Surprising Fact 

    One surprising fact about the Supreme Court is the volume of cases it receives each year. On average, the Court receives 7,000 cases each year, with approximately 100 new cases every week. However, the Court will only accept around 100 cases each year. This highlights how selective the Court must be in choosing the legal issues that will be addressed. The justices will focus on cases of national significance, differing opinions of lower courts, and constitutional issues.  

A Key Take Away of the Supreme Court

    The hundred preceding justices pioneered the way for this free country. Defending the Constitution, they have earned the trust of American citizens for generations. The Supreme Court must remain neutral in today's politics, resisting outside pressures or political influence. The Court's credibility relies on its ability to remain independent. Basing its ruling solely on the Constitution's legality allows for fairness, which is critical. The Court safeguards democracy and ensures the law is upheld.  

    In conclusion, the Supreme Court is vital to the United States's being a free country because it upholds the Constitution with integrity. The Court stands as the guardian of the Constitution, constantly defending it. By remaining nonpartisan and staying true to the rule of law, the Court maintains its credibility and trust with American citizens. 

Eight Values of Free Expression

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the most fundamental pillars of American democracy. The First Amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise of; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievance." This powerful statement ensures that American citizens are granted essential freedoms, which form the backbone of an open and democratic society. Understanding and exercising these rights is critical to fostering a culture where ideas can be freely expressed.

In my Media Law and Literacy class, we have explored the First Amendment and studied the Eight Values of Freedom Expression, which highlight the significance of these freedoms.

The Eight Values of Freedom Expression are:

1. Marketplace of Ideas
2. Participation in Self-Government 
3. Stable Change
4. Individual Self-Fulfilment 
5. Check on Governmental Powers 
6. Promote Tolerance
7. Promote Innovation
8. Protect Dissent 

Protect Dissent

Among these concepts, protecting dissent is particularly compelling and relevant to today's society. Dissent, the act of expressing opposition or differing opinions, is a fundamental aspect of democracy. The right to disagree with the norm ensures individuals are not forced into compliance. People should not conform to what they are told; we have the right to be open, ask questions, and have differing opinions.

Historically, protecting dissent has played a critical role in shaping our society. Whenever I think of the right to protest, I immediately reflect on the journey for women's rights. This journey of having differing opinions and challenging those opinions changed the course of history. Their willingness to dissent, despite facing criticism, ultimately lead to crucial advancements such as women's suffrage and gender equality.

Protecting dissent allows for open dialogue, exposes potential injustices, and fosters progress by allowing diverse viewpoints to be heard. This should be a topic of discussion in every American citizen's mind. Moreover, protecting dissent is not merely about allowing opposition; it is about having a culture that values critical thinking. When individuals feel free to voice their concerns without fear of consequence, it creates an environment where ideas can be debated, improved upon, and polished. This process will ultimately strengthen our democracy.

However, it is imperative to recognize that the right to dissent does not mean the right to unlawful and violent actions. There must be a balance between protecting free speech and ensuring public safety. The legal system provides guidelines to prevent harmful speech, such as incitement to violence or hate speech. The guidelines also preserve the fundamental right to protest and voice differing opinions.

In conclusion, protecting dissent is a cornerstone of society. It ensures that individuals have the right to question authority and challenge injustices. It enables open dialogue, promotes accountability, and strengthens the foundation of a free society. As American citizens, we are responsible for exercising this right and defending it.

Top 5 News Sources

    In an era of rapidly evolving news, staying informed requires a diverse set of reliable sources. By reviewing a variety of outlets, I have a well-rounded perspective on current events. Below are the five primary news sources I rely on:

Fox News- Political and National Coverage

    Fox News is one of the most widely recognized news networks in the United States. It provides extensive coverage of political events, national issues, and international affairs. I often turn to Fox News to understand conservative viewpoints and gain insights into government policies and economic trends. 

    For example, during the 2024 U.S. presidential election cycle, Fox News offered an in-depth analysis of candidate debates and policy proposals. Their coverage of economic issues, such as inflation and interest rates, also provided a perspective on how federal policies affect everyday Americans.  

ESPN- Leading Source for Sports News

    ESPN is my primary source for sports coverage. From game highlights to in-depth player analysis, ESPN reports on various leagues, including the NFL, NBA, MLB, and other international competitions like the FIFA World Cup. 

    A recent example of ESPN's coverage was during Super Bowl LVIII, where they analyzed team strategies, player performance, and coaching decisions before and after the game. Their real-time updates on trade details, such as NBA trades, help fans stay informed on significant roster changes that can impact teams' futures. 

NBC News- Comprehensive and Investigative Journalism

    NBC News is another essential source for national and international coverage. Its journalism, live reporting, and expert analysis provide a different perspective on current events than other outlets. 

    For instance, NBC News covered the Israel- Gaza conflict in 2023, offering reports from correspondents on the ground, interviews, and historical context to help viewers understand the situation's complexity. Additionally, their reports on climate change and its effects on businesses and local communities highlight environmental concerns. 

Apple News- Convenient and a Curated Mix of Perspectives  

    Apple News is valuable because it collects news from various sources, allowing me to read different viewpoints on the same issue. This platform helps me compare publications like The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Reuters. 

    This platform has mass coverage on the measles outbreak currently happening in Texas. It has released articles from Reuters, USA Today, The Washington Post, and more. This topic, covered by many news sources, allows me to better understand the outbreak and its consequences. It is a very convenient platform for Apple users to get real-time notifications as articles are released. 

My Family- A Personal and Experienced Perspective 

    While traditional media is crucial when consuming news, I value personal discussions with my parents. They bring years of experience and a deeper perspective to current events, which helps me investigate issues beyond the media narratives. 

    For instance, when discussing rising interest rates and their impact on homeownership, my parents shared their experiences of past economic decline, explaining firsthand how financial decisions influence long-term stability. These conversations offer a personal dimension to news that mainstream media may not always supply. 

Final Thoughts 

    A well-informed individual should seek news from multiple sources to develop a balanced perspective. Fox News, ESPN, NBC, and Apple News provide valuable information through reporting and personal discussions with trusted individuals, such as family members, and offer great insight that media alone cannot provide. I can stay well-informed about political developments, sports, global news, and everyday life using traditional and personal news sources.